2002 Congressional Pig Book

Introduction

The opening scene of The Godfather depicts the head of a New York “family,” Don Vito Corleone, agreeing to perform certain “favors.” Corleone does this with the caveat that the favor may have to be returned some day. This scene is reminiscent of what happens when the President’s budget gets into the hands of the appropriators. Members of Congress approach the appropriators asking for favors, promising votes in return. They get the goods through a form of legal money laundering, but taxpayers receive only inflated taxes and a bloated bureaucracy.

Many Americans are oblivious to this process until April 15, when the bill comes due for all of Congress’s fiscal indiscretions. This year’s total reveals that Congress porked out at record levels. For fiscal 2002, appropriators stuck 8,341 projects in the 13 appropriations bills, an increase of 32 percent over last year’s total of 6,333 projects. The cost of these projects was $20.1 billion, or 9 percent more than last year’s total of $18.5 billion. Total pork identified by Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) since 1991 is $140 billion.

This excessive spending comes at a time when the country is at war and facing the return of deficits. The $20.1 billion spent on pork-barrel projects could be used to finance the war against terrorism and ensure the safety of all Americans, at home and abroad. Instead, appropriators used the money for everything from studying fruit in Michigan to a racing museum in South Carolina. National priorities were exchanged for parochial interests.

The top three increases in pork from fiscal 2001 to fiscal 2002 were: Transportation from $1.3 billion to $3.6 billion (174 percent); Agriculture from $204 million to $454 million (122 percent); and Commerce/Justice/State from $771 million to $1.2 billion (61 percent).

Alaska again led the nation with $711 per capita ($451 million), or 22 times the national average of $32. The runners up were Hawaii with $353 per capita ($432 million) and West Virginia with $215 per capita ($388 million). The common thread among the top three per-capita states is that they are represented by powerful senators and appropriators – Senate Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), Senate appropriator Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii), and Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.).

Before the United States can win the war on terrorism, we must win the war against pork-barrel spending. Every dollar wasted by the federal government means one less dollar to protect the country from enemies near and far.

The 602 projects, totaling $4.5 billion, in this year’s Congressional Pig Book Summary symbolize the most egregious and blatant examples of pork. As in previous years, all of the items in the Congressional Pig Book Summary meet at least one of CAGW’s seven criteria, but most satisfy at least two:

• Requested by only one chamber of Congress;
• Not specifically authorized;
• Not competitively awarded;
• Not requested by the President;
• Greatly exceeds the President’s budget request or the previous year’s funding;
• Not the subject of congressional hearings; or
• Serves only a local or special interest.

I. Agriculture

Like a broken record, appropriators once again used the Agriculture Appropriations Bill to whimsically withdraw money with little regard to national needs. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has a very strict policy of not requesting state- or commodity-specific research grants through the Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES) special research grants program. Unfortunately, Congress has a strict policy of not listening to USDA. In fact, appropriators earmarked $97 million in special research grants while USDA requested $2.7 million for these projects, a 3,493 percent increase over the budget request. Total agriculture pork in fiscal 2002 was $454 million, or 122 percent more than fiscal 2001’s total of $204 million. That’s not chicken feed.

$47,160,000 for projects in the state of Senate Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee member Tom Harkin (D-Iowa) and House Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee member Tom Latham (R-Iowa), including: $40,000,000 for the National Animal Disease Center in Ames; $632,000 for midwest agricultural products; $400,000 for manure management research at the National Swine Research Center; $280,000 for the Iowa Vitality Center; $200,000 for hoop barns; and $100,000 for the Trees Forever Program.

$29,707,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), including: $24,000,000 for water and waste disposal systems in Alaska; $1,142,000 for seafood harvesting, processing, and marketing; $720,000 for seafood waste; $631,000 for alternative salmon products; $500,000 to staff each soil and water conservation district; and $120,000 for salmon quality standards. $23,614,000 for projects in the state of Senate Agriculture Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Thad Cochran (RMiss.) and House appropriator Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), including: $8,400,000 for the National Biological Control Laboratory in Stoneville; $978,000 for advanced spatial technologies; $900,000 for the Wildlife Management Institute; $800,000 for red imported fire ants; $600,000 for corn germplasm research; $280,000 for sweet potato research; and $240,000 for small fruits research.

$9,994,000 for projects in the state of Senate Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Herb Kohl (D-Wisc.) and House Appropriations Committee Ranking Member David Obey (D-Wisc.), including: $3,000,000 for the Cereal Crops Laboratory in Madison; $1,000,000 for dairy forage research; $490,000 for the Food Systems Research Group; $200,000 for urban horticulture; and $200,000 for vegetable crops research.

$8,953,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-Texas) and the district of House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Henry Bonilla (R-Texas), including: $3,000,000 for a field office telecommunications pilot program; $880,000 for cotton research; $690,000 for designing foods for health; $640,000 for air quality research; $600,000 for plant stress and water conservation research in Lubbock; $240,000 for southwest pecan research; and $200,000 for the Center for North American Studies.

$7,925,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) and House appropriator Alan Mollohan (D-W.Va.), including: $4,500,000 for the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture; $733,000 for aquaculture product and marketing development; and $160,000 for wetland plants.

$6,130,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee member Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), including: $1,400,000 for improved forage livestock production; $800,000 for health education leadership; $733,000 for precision agriculture; $600,000 for waste management research; and $367,000 for forages for advancing livestock production.

$5,670,000 for wood utilization research (Alaska, Idaho, Maine, Mich., Minn., Miss., N.C., Ore., and Tenn.). Apparently, the many mysteries of wood still elude federal researchers. Since 1985, $67 million has been sapped from the taxpayers for this research.

$5,650,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state Senate appropriator Ernest “Fritz” Hollings (D-S.C.): $4,500,000 for the United States Vegetable Laboratory in Charleston; $600,000 for a GIS based model; and $550,000 to study and characterize landuse- change at Clemson University.

$4,760,000 for Pierce’s disease research in California, even though state officials and industry professionals believe that the fight against the glassy-winged sharpshooter (the carrier of the disease) is coming to a successful end.

$4,214,000 for shrimp aquaculture research (Ariz., Hawaii, Mass., Miss., S.C., and Texas). Since 1985, $53 million has been appropriated for this research, which has become a staple of the appropriators’ diet.

$1,600,000 for the viticulture consortium in California and New York. According to USDA researchers, “The research being carried out is designed to help the viticulture and wine industries remain competitive in the U.S. and in the global market.” Since 1996, $6.9 million has been appropriated for this research.

$800,000 for Satsuma Orange research in the state of Senate appropriator Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) and House appropriators Sonny Callahan (R-Ala.), Robert Aderholdt (R-Ala.), and Robert Cramer (D-Ala.). Funding for this research started in fiscal 2001 with $475,000 added in conference. According to USDA testimony, no nonfederal funds have been secured and there is no anticipated completion date for the research.

$765,000 for the Center for Innovative Food Technology (CIFT) in the district of House Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Marcy Kaptur (D-Ohio). According to CIFT’s website, two projects currently underway involve “technical services to small and start-up food processors throughout the state” and “sensory evaluation services to food processors that lack internal resources in this area.” This appropriation doesn’t pass the smell test.

$484,000 for the Food Marketing Policy Center at the University of Connecticut, Storrs in the state of House appropriator Rosa DeLauro (D-Conn.). One of the center’s projects has been researching the pricing and marketing of cereal. Since 1989, $5.5 million has been appropriated for this center.

$400,000 added by the Senate for the Montana Sheep Institute in the state of Senate Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee member Conrad Burns (R-Mont.) to improve the competitiveness and profitability of Montana’s sheep industry. This is definitely baaaad for taxpayers.

$400,000 for floriculture research in the state of Senate appropriator Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii). Testimony by USDA indicates this research is expected to help the $50 million cut flower and foliage industry in Hawaii. Since 1989, $3.9 million has been appropriated for this research

$260,000 for asparagus technology and production in the state of Senate Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee member Patty Murray (D-Wash.) and House Agriculture Appropriations subcommittee member George Nethercutt (R-Wash.). According to USDA officials, “This research will enable Washington asparagus producers to remain domestically and internationally competitive.” Since 2001, $484,000 has been appropriated for this research.

$240,000 added by the Senate for the Center for Rural Studies in the state of Senate appropriator Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.). According to USDA testimony, the center will provide “analytical reports to guide the development of retail shopping areas, an ‘Economic Handbook for Vermont Counties,’ and strategies for using the world wide web.” Since 1992, $1 million has been appropriated for this project.

$239,000 added by the Senate for improved fruit practices in Michigan. According to USDA testimony, “The principal researcher believes Michigan’s need for this research is to develop and maintain/expand their tree fruit and small fruits industry.” Since 1994, $3.8 million has been appropriated for this research. Apparently, not much has improved in eight years.

$194,000 added by the House for tropical aquaculture in the district of House Appropriations Committee Chairman C.W. Bill Young (R-Fla.). According to USDA testimony, “The research is focused on increasing the production efficiency of tropical ornamental fish culture, handling, and transportation techniques.” Since 2000, $561,000 has been appropriated for this research. Perhaps researchers could look for new ways to transport the fish home from the pet store in something other than a clear plastic bag.

$76,000 added by the House for produce pricing at Arizona State University in the state of House appropriators Jim Kolbe (R-Ariz.) and Ed Pastor (D-Ariz.). According to testimony by USDA, “the original goal of this research is to understand a variety of pricing problems in the produce industry and to evaluate pricing alternatives.” Even though the first appropriation for this project was $75,000 in fiscal 2001, as of April 26, 2001, USDA had not received a proposal from Arizona State University.

II. Commerce, Justice, State, and the Judiciary

Americans are counting on the Departments of Commerce, Justice
and State to execute key objectives in the war on terror – to hold
together diplomatic coalitions, monitor intelligence for future
threats, guard borders, and bring terrorists to justice. Yet
appropriators diverted critically needed funds from the
departments to such pet projects as tropical fish research, after
school arts programs and tourism enhancement.

Commerce/Justice/State pork tripled between fiscal years 1999
and 2001. Congress allowed pork in the fiscal 2002 bill to rise
another 61 percent, up from $771 million in fiscal 2001 to $1.2
billion. The number of earmarks rose 65 percent, from 499 to 821.

$62,438,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), including:
$9,400,000 for the Juneau Fisheries Laboratory; $5,500,000 for
Kasitsna Bay Laboratory at the University of Alaska; $3,500,000
for the stellar sea lion recovery plan at North Pacific University;
$2,000,000 for the Canada Alaska Rail Commission; $1,000,000
for University of Alaska stellar sea lion recovery; $1,000,000 for
groundfish monitoring and crab and scallop license monitoring;
$750,000 to prevent Atlantic salmon from escaping state streams;
$500,000 for stellar sea lion recovery at the Alaska Fisheries
Development Foundation, whose membership rates run from $150
to $750 a year (why not just raise rates?); $250,000 to prepare
discussions regarding the Columbia River hydrosystem
management; $250,000 for the United Fisherman of Alaska; and
$150,000 for the Alaska Native Harbor Seal Commission. Sen.
Stevens captured 5.8 percent of the Commerce/Justice/State pork
projects, representing 5.2 percent of the total cost. Is he planning
to catch fish or terrorists?

$60,834,000 for projects in the state of Senate Commerce
Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Ernest “Fritz” Hollings
(D-S.C.), including: $14,000,000 for the Hollings Marine
Laboratory (formerly known as the Environmental Health
Laboratory); $8,000,000 for the Medical University of South
Carolina (home to the Hollings Cancer Center); $2,000,000 for the
University of South Carolina School of Public Health; $1,000,000
for software, personnel and equipment at the Charleston U.S.
Attorney’s Office; and $150,000 for bluefish at the Charleston
Bump. Narcissism can be costly to taxpayers.

$44,925,000 for projects in the state of Senate Commerce
Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Judd Gregg (RN.
H.) and the district of House appropriator John Sununu (RN.
H.), including: $6,000,000 for the Thayer School of
Engineering at Dartmouth; $3,350,000 for the Institute of Politics
at St. Anslem’s College; $650,000 for the Mount Washington
Technology Village; $500,000 for the Mount Washington
Observatory; and $230,000 for weather radio transmitters.
$33,948,000 for projects in the state of Senate Commerce
Appropriations subcommittee member Daniel Inouye (D-Hawaii),
including: $4,200,000 for the refurbishment of the ship
ADVENTUROUS; $3,000,000 for Hawaiian sea turtles; $1,500,000
for the Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary; $750,000 for
Hawaii fisheries development at the Oceanic Institute; $200,000
for the University of Hawaii Globalization Research Center; and
$100,000 for the Na Keika Law Center.

$16,376,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Thad Cochran (R-Miss.), including: $3,000,000 for
the National Center for Justice and the Rule of Law at the
University of Mississippi Law School; $2,500,000 for the National
Institute for Undersea Science and Technology at Stennis Space
Center; $1,500,000 for the GORDON GUNTER, whose home port
is Pascagoula (also home port to Senate Minority Leader Trent
Lott [R-Miss.]); and $619,000 for the Mississippi Bureau of
Narcotics.

$14,140,000 for projects in the state of Senate Commerce
Appropriations subcommittee member Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.)
and the district of House Commerce Appropriations subcommittee
member Harold Rogers (R-Ky.), including: $1,500,000 for the
Southern Kentucky Economic Development Corporation;
$1,000,000 for the Southern Kentucky Tourism Development
Association; $450,000 to Southern Kentucky Rehabilitation
Industries for small business development; and $175,000 for the
Buckhorn Wilderness program in Hazard.

$12,335,000 for projects in the state of Senate Commerce
Appropriations subcommittee member Patty Murray (D-Wash.)
and House appropriator Norm Dicks (D-Wash.), including:
$4,000,000 to implement the forest and fish report of the
Washington State Department of Natural Resources; $700,000 for
the Murray-Metcalf Northwest Straits Citizens Advisory
Commission; and $180,000 for two projects at the Pacific Marine
Environmental Laboratory ($179,000 for climate research and
$1,000 for weather and air quality research).

$11,155,000 for projects in the state of Senate Commerce
Appropriations subcommittee member Herb Kohl (D-Wisc.) and
the district of House Appropriations Committee Ranking Member
David Obey (D-Wisc.), including: $1,500,000 for laptop
computers at the Madison Police Department; $500,000 for a
business development assistance program at the Chippewa Falls
Industrial Development Corporation; and $450,000 for weather
radio transmitters.

$7,500,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) and the district of
House Commerce Appropriations subcommittee member Alan
Mollahan (D-W.Va.), including: $1,100,000 for the
MountainMade Foundation in Thomas for business development
and the education of artists and craftspeople; $500,000 to continue
the small business development outreach program at Wheeling
Jesuit University; and $500,000 for the West Virginia High Tech
Consortium Foundation for a small business commercialization
grant program.

$4,425,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Larry
Craig (R-Idaho), including: $3,000,000 for the Clearwater
Economic Development Administration for the Lewis and Clark
Bicentennial Bi-state public safety project and $300,000 to
develop a virtual business incubator at Lewis and Clark College.
$2,000,000 each for DNA research projects at the University of
New Haven and the University of Connecticut in the state of
House appropriator Rosa DeLauro (D-Conn.)

$1,000,000 added by the Senate for the North/South Center in
Florida. For the fourth year in a row, the House did not request
funding for the center. Prior to 1991, the center operated on
private funding, receiving occasional competitively awarded
federal grants. Since the center began receiving a direct federal
subsidy 11 years ago, it has received nearly $45 million.
$1,000,000 added by the House for the Career Education Center at
the West Farms Alternative High School in the district of House
Commerce Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Jose
Serrano (D-N.Y.).

$1,000,000 for Green Thumb, Inc. to expand small businesses and
help elderly entrepreneurs. This organization has had both hands
in the federal cookie jar – it has secured $5.42 million since 2000.
$450,000 added by the Senate for Pacific tropical ornamental fish
research. Since 2000, this project has received $1.15 million.
$400,000 added by the House for exchange programs to build
linkages between American and foreign musicians. The hills are
alive with the sound of squealing pigs.

$350,000 for after school programs at the Rock Creek School of
Pennsylvania Ballet, in Philadelphia, Pa. and Camden, N.J.
$250,000 added by the Senate for the Irish Institute. The Institute
has received $1.25 million since 2000.

$50,000 added by the House in the district of Lois Capps (DCalif.)
for a tattoo removal program in San Luis Obispo.

III. Defense

Winning the war on terrorism will not be cheap. From developing
sophisticated weapons systems to bolstering intelligence and the
morale of America’s fighting men and women, defense spending is
the nation’s top priority. But this critical mission for the Pentagon
is being hindered by the special interest pork-barrel projects
slipped in by congressional appropriators every year. Although
the total number of pork projects increased by 22 percent, from
1,147 in fiscal 2001 to 1,404 in fiscal 2002, total pork decreased
by 8.6 percent from $9.6 billion to $8.8 billion. At a time when
every defense dollar truly is needed to protect America from its
determined enemies, there is still much work to be done.

$268,300,000 for projects in the state of Senate Defense
Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Daniel Inouye (DHawaii),
including: $42,500,000 for the Kaho’olawe Island
Conveyance Fund (since 1996, CAGW has identified $102 million
appropriated for this cleanup); $15,300,000 for the Hawaii Federal
Health Care Network; $6,000,000 for the Pacific Disaster Center;
$4,000,000 for Project Albert; $2,600,000 for the Hawaii National
Guard Counter-Drug Program; $2,000,000 for thin layered
chromotopography; and $1,000,000 for the Hickman Air Force
Base alternative fuel vehicle program.

$125,000,000 added by the House for additional advance
procurement for a DDG-51 destroyer to be built in Maine and
Mississippi. President Bush criticized the House’s funding for the
extra DDG-51, saying it would “come at the expense of more
urgent needs.”

$73,425,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), including:
$12,800,000 for the High Frequency Active Auroral Research
Program (HAARP); $10,200,000 for the Department of
Transportation to realign railroad tracks at the Elemendorf Air
Force Base ($10 million was appropriated for this same purpose in
fiscal 2001); and $3,400,000 for the Barrow Landfill. Initially
designed to capture energy from the aurora borealis (northern
lights), HAARP is now being configured to heat up the ionosphere
to improve military communications. Instead, HAARP is heating
up the ire of many taxpayers. Web surfers can check out
<www.haarp.alaska.edu> to see how their tax dollars are being
spent. Since 1995, CAGW has identified $82.8 million
appropriated for HAARP.

$46,100,000 added by the House for projects in the district of
House Defense Appropriations subcommittee member Rodney
Frelinghuysen (R-N.J.), including: $10,500,000 for a
public/private partnering initiative; $8,500,000 for an integrated
medical information technology system; $5,200,000 for green
armament technology; and $3,500,000 for preparedness at the
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

$15,000,000 added by the Senate for the Citadel in the state of
Senate Defense Appropriations subcommittee member Ernest
“Fritz” Hollings (D-S.C.). With a current enrollment of 1,900
cadets, this “financial aid” calculates to $7,800 per student.
$14,500,000 added by the House for projects in the district of
House Defense Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Jerry
Lewis (R-Calif.): $8,500,000 for the city of San Bernardino;
$3,500,000 for the Twentynine Palms Marine Air Ground Combat
Center; and $2,500,000 for Norton Air Force Base.

$10,900,000 added by the House for projects in the district of
House Defense Appropriations subcommittee member Joe Skeen
(R-N.M.): $8,400,000 for the Magdalena Ridge Observatory and
$2,500,000 for the Holloman Air Force high speed test track.

$9,600,000 for the National Automotive Center (NAC) in the state
of House appropriators Joseph Knollenberg (R-Mich.) and Carolyn
Kilpatrick (D-Mich.). One of the projects currently underway by
the NAC is the smart truck initiative. If this truck were so smart it
would have known to go through proper budgetary procedures
before securing funding.

Every year numerous items not related to defense are inserted into
the Department of Defense (DOD) Appropriations Bill, further
hindering the Secretary of Defense’s ability to win the war on
terrorism:$25,000,000 added by the House to establish an Army Venture
Capital Investment Corporation.

$1,500,000 for a large millimeter wave telescope. In fiscal 2001,
appropriators added $4 million for this same project. This
telescope, a joint project between the United States and Mexico,
will help researchers study the formation of stars and galaxies
billions of years ago and how stars are forming in our galaxy right
now. A fancy telescope isn’t needed to see the black hole into
which our defense dollars are disappearing.

$1,500,000 added by the Senate for research and development of
business/technical manuals.
$1,000,000 for recovery of the CSS Alabama through DOD’s
Legacy program.

$1,000,000 added by the Senate for math teacher leadership. Here
is a simple math equation that doesn’t need federal funds: in fiscal
2001 there was $18.5 billion in pork-barrel spending and Pentagon
officials predicted an $18 billion shortfall in the defense budget to
fight the war on terrorism.

$750,000 added by the House for the Center for Solar Geophysical
Interactions at Mt. Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California. A
thorough analysis of the observatory’s website uncovered no
defense-related research. But then again, the homepage hasn’t
been updated since 1996.

$750,000 added by the House for minority aviation training at the
William Lehman Aviation Center at Florida Memorial College in
the district of House appropriator Carrie Meek (D-Fla.).
According to a February 2000 press release by Rep. Meek and
Florida Memorial College, this center will help develop minority
aviators and skilled aviation workers for the military and private
sector. According to school officials, the federal funds will
provide scholarships for tuition, room, and board to 12 students.
That’s $41,000 per year per student, making Florida Memorial
College more expensive than Harvard, Yale, or any other
undergraduate university. When exactly did the Department of
Defense merge with the Department of Education?

IV. District of Columbia

From Marion Barry to Mike Tyson, Washington, D.C. has had its
share of controversy. Congressional appropriators added fuel to
this already burning fire by appropriating $10.1 million for
unrequested earmarks in the D.C. Appropriations Bill. The good
news is that total pork in fiscal 2002 is down 34 percent from last
year’s total of $15.1 million.

$2,000,000 added by the House for Food and Friends. This
organization delivers meals to HIV/AIDS patients in the District.
The program is being run by Craig M. Shniderman, a convicted
criminal who previously stole money from another charity.
$500,000 added by the Senate for the Historical Society of
Washington for capital improvements to the new City Museum,
which is not scheduled to open until 2003. D.C Council
Chairwoman and museum supporter Linda Cropp said, “The new
City Museum will showcase Washingtoniana – the history of the
city, including its neighborhoods, citizens, schools, businesses,
civic associations and of course, politics and government.” There
is no truth to the rumor that one of the exhibits will be titled
“Fiscal Mismanagement Throughout the Years.”

$500,000 added by the Senate for the Washington D.C. Sports
Commission and Entertainment Commission in coordination with
the U.S. Soccer Foundation for environmental and infrastructure
costs at Kenilworth Park for creation of the Kenilworth Regional
Sports Complex.

V. Energy and Water

Energy and Water subcommittee appropriators continue to think
they can outwit CAGW porkbusters by inflating appropriations
beyond original budget requests. After the release of the 2001
Congressional Pig Book Summary, Senate Appropriations
Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) claimed, on the
Senate floor, that CAGW was wrong – all of his projects had
budget requests. Apparently, the King of Pork did not read all
seven of CAGW’s criteria since a project is pork if it “greatly
exceeds the president’s request.”

This year, 42 percent (330) of
the energy and water projects featured had budget requests, but
those amounts did not sate appropriators’ appetites.
These voracious spendthrifts added money for another 451
projects despite the absence of any budget requests, bringing total
pork projects to 781 for fiscal 2002, a 54 percent increase from the
507 in fiscal 2001. These projects will cost taxpayers $1.4 billion,
57 percent greater than last year’s $880 million cost. House and
Senate Energy and Water Appropriations subcommittee members
(just 5 percent of Congress) diverted $659.5 million, or 47 percent
of the current year’s total, for their own districts and states.

$80,080,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) and House
appropriator Alan Mollahan (D-W.Va.), including: $20,900,000
for major rehabilitation of Marmet Lock on the Kanawha River;
$9,430,000 for two dam safety projects at Bluestone Lake;
$7,000,000 for a positron emission tomography facility at West
Virginia University; $2,000,000 for operation and maintenance at
Wheeling Creek; $1,200,000 for the Greenbrier River Basin; and
$100,000 for Army Corps of Engineers investigations on the Little
Kanawha River.

$50,317,000 for projects in the state of Senate Energy and Water
Appropriations subcommittee member Thad Cochran (R-Miss.)
and House Energy and Water Appropriations subcommittee
member Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), including: $19,000,000 for
demonstration erosion control; $3,000,000 for a biomass project in
Winona; $2,000,000 for Sardis Lake; $1,000,000 for renovation of
the Science, Technology, and Engineering Research Complex at
Jackson State University; and $100,000 for Hancock County.

$45,821,000 for projects in the state of Senate Energy and Water
Appropriations subcommittee member Patty Murray (D-Wash.),
including: $34,300,000 for the Hanford waste management site in
Richland; $3,000,000 for the Howard Hansen Dam; $796,000 for
the Lake Washington Ship Channel; $750,000 for the Inland
Northwest Natural Resources Research Center at Gonzaga
University; and $500,000 for Shoalwater Bay shoreline erosion.

$44,480,000 for projects in the state of Senate Energy and Water
Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Pete Domenici
(R-N.M.), including: $11,000,000 for operations and capital
investment at the Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery
Institute in Albuquerque; $5,000,000 for Army Corps of Engineers
construction on central New Mexico water projects; $1,500,000 for
the Upper Rio Grande water operations model; and $125,000 for
the Pecos River Basin water salvage project.

$43,000,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator
Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) and the district of House Energy and
Water Appropriations subcommittee member Sonny Callahan (RAla.),
including: $10,700,000 for the operation and maintenance
of Mobile Harbor; $1,650,000 for a new library and resource
center at Spring Hill College in Mobile; and $1,000,000 each for
research projects on fuel cell technology at the University of South
Alabama and the Smart Energy Management Control System.

$40,204,000 for projects in the state of Senate Energy and Water
Appropriations subcommittee member Ernest “Fritz” Hollings (DS.
C.), including: $11,648,000 for Lakes Marion and Moultrie;
$2,500,000 for Charleston Harbor deepening and widening;
$1,000,000 for the Oncology Center (also known as the Hollings
Cancer Center) at the Medical University of South Carolina; and
$100,000 for Santee Delta environmental restoration.

$32,045,000 for projects in the state of Senate Energy and Water
Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Harry Reid (D-Nev.),
including: $8,000,000 for a flood control project at the Tropicana
and Flamingo Washes; $2,000,000 for a linear accelerator at the
University Medical Center of Southern Nevada; $1,500,000 for a
water recycling project in southern Nevada; and $250,000 for the
research foundation at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.

$28,439,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Tim
Johnson (D-S.D.), including: $5,000,000 for the Mid-Dakota rural
water project; $3,400,000 for the Perkins County rural water
district; $2,000,000 for the Lewis and Clark rural water system;
and $100,000 for the Crow Creek Tribe water supply.

$21,792,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (RAlaska),
including: $2,000,000 for the Sealaska ethanol project;
$500,000 for Kenai River bluff erosion; $400,000 for Anchorage
Harbor deepening; $250,000 for the St. Paul and Unalaska wind
generation facility; $100,000 for St. George navigation
improvements; and $100,000 for the Ship Creek Watershed. Our
tax dollars are up Ship’s Creek.
$15,635,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator
Christopher “Kit” Bond (R-Mo.) and House Energy and Water
Appropriations subcommittee member Jo Ann Emerson (R-Mo.),
including: $2,000,000 for the University of Missouri-Columbia to
expand their nuclear medicine and cancer research capital
program; $1,635,000 for the operation and maintenance of
Clearwater Lake; $850,000 for St. John’s Bayou and New Madrid
Floodway; and $240,000 for the operation and maintenance of
Caruthersville Harbor.

$6,895,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Patrick
Leahy (D-Vt.), including $1,000,000 for a Washington Electric
Cooperative wind energy facility and $500,000 for a Vermont
Department of Public Service small wind program. Our tax dollars
are “Blowin’ in the Wind.”

$4,900,000 for projects in the state of Senate Energy and Water
Appropriations subcommittee member Conrad Burns (R-Mont.),
including: $1,500,000 for a fuel cell installation project in Gallatin
County; $1,500,000 for the Fort Peck Fish Hatchery; and $350,000
for Big Sky Economic Development Authority demonstration fuel
cell technology. Apparently, Montana will be the center of the
new fuel cell universe.

$3,000,000 added by the Senate for the Million Solar Roofs
Initiative. The goal of this program, announced by President Bill
Clinton before the United Nations in 1997, is to get solar energy
tiles on top of 1 million buildings by 2010. The Million Roofs
website promises, “The Initiative will not direct and control the
activities at the state and local level nor will it typically pay for the
installation of solar energy systems.” Yet the program has been
awarded $6 million since 1999.

$2,189,000 for projects in Savannah in the district of House
appropriator Jack Kingston (R-Ga.), including $1,089,000 for the
operation and maintenance of Savannah Harbor. Rep. Kingston
has to keep the harbor looking good for the Savannah Water Ferry,
for which he has obtained $2.4 million since 1999 through the
Transportation Appropriations bill (see page 46).

$1,700,000 added by the Senate for the Robert C. Byrd Locks and
Dam on the Ohio River in Ohio and West Virginia. Appropriators
should put locks on this dam money.

$1,500,000 added by the House for the operation and maintenance
of Waco Lake in the district of House Energy and Water
Appropriations subcommittee member Chet Edwards (D-Texas).
The project has received $6,159,000 since fiscal 1999.

$1,120,000 added by the House for construction, operation and
maintenance for Carr Creek Lake in the district of House Energy
and Water Appropriations subcommittee member Harold Rogers
(R-Ky.).

$1,000,000 added in conference for the continued development of
the Life Sciences Building at Brown University in the state of
Senate appropriator Jack Reed (D-R.I.). Brown’s endowment is
$1.44 billion, which means the university would have only had to
use .07 percent of those funds to support this project.

$1,000,000 for Indiana Shoreline erosion in the district of House
Energy and Water Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member
Peter Visclosky (D-Ind.). Rep. Visclosky’s pet project has
received $9,440,000 since fiscal 1996.

VI. Foreign Operations

The good news from the fiscal 2002 Foreign Operations, Export
Financing, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill is that only
three of the 28 (11 percent) House and Senate subcommittee
members added earmarks benefiting their states or districts. For
the most part, international priorities overcame porcine
provinciality. The better news is the cost of Foreign Operations
pork declined 31 percent from $227 million to $157.6 million.
Total earmarks declined 39 percent, from 41 to 25.

The bad news, of course, is that in this time of international
turmoil, Foreign Operations earmarks did not completely
disappear. Instead, appropriators allowed special interest items
like the International Fund for Ireland and the United States
Telecommunications Training Institute to remain on the dole.

$25,000,000 added by the House for the International Fund for
Ireland (IFI) in support of the Anglo-Irish Accord. This U.S.
contribution to the fund is to be spent on “those projects that hold
the greatest potential for job creation and equal opportunity for the
Irish people.” Such projects have included building a replica of
the Jeanie Johnson (a Canadian ship that once ferried famine
victims across the Atlantic), a national water sports center used for
coaching top-level athletes, golf videos, pony trekking centers, and
sweater exporting. IFI’s 2001 accomplishments included the
reopening of Walsh’s Hotel in Maghera and opening the Sligo
Fold Park in Riverstown, which features a restored farmhouse and
an agricultural museum. Through war and peace, rain and shine,
surplus and deficits, IFI receives funding, accumulating $396
million since 1986.

$8,000,000 to help the U.S. dairy industry become more
competitive by promoting U.S. technology, equipment, inputs, and
industry-based technical assistance in developing markets.

$5,000,000 added by the Senate to provide computer equipment,
internet access, and other assistance to schools in Armenia. Yes,
that’s Armenia, not America.

$4,000,000 added in the state of Senate Foreign Operations
Appropriations subcommittee member Richard Shelby (R-Ala.)
and the district of House appropriator Robert “Bud” Cramer (DAla.)
for the International Fertilizer Development Center in
Muscle Shoals. Since 1997, the center has received $13 million.
$3,000,000 added by the Senate for a small business project
promoting private sector technology start-ups in the Republic of
Georgia.

$2,500,000 added by the House in the district of House Foreign
Operations Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Jim Kolbe (RAriz.)
for the International Arid Lands Consortium in Tucson to
address the “critical” issues of water and energy in the Middle
East.

$1,000,000 in the state of Senate Foreign Operations
Appropriations subcommittee member Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.) for
the Conflict Transformation Across Cultures (CONTACT)
program at the School for International Training in Brattleboro. In
the last five years, CONTACT has averaged 40 participants per
year, making this appropriation a $25,000 subsidy for each student.
$500,000 added by the Senate for the United States
Telecommunications Training Institute, a business-government
program that trains telecommunications leaders in developing
countries. Sponsorship of such training by multinational
telecommunications giants raise questions about the need for any
government funding.

VII. Interior

For the past two years the Interior Appropriations Bill has been
the home of one of the most notorious pork-barrel projects — the
refurbishment of the Vulcan Statue in Birmingham, Alabama.
Despite an attempt by Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.) to eliminate
funding, Vulcan lives. From land acquisition to a National Park
Service grant to the Philadelphia Orchestra, appropriators
continue to enjoy larding up Interior Appropriations with their
“urgent” needs. The good news is that total pork in the Interior
Appropriations Bill was $443 million, or 28 percent less than last
year’s tally of $617 million. In addition, the total number of
projects decreased by 12 percent from 468 to 409.

$52,273,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), including:
$2,500,000 for the Anchorage Museum; $2,000,000 for kilns in
southeast and south-central Alaska; $536,000 for the Ted Stevens
International Airport in Anchorage; $500,000 for Alaska moving
image preservation; $300,000 for the Cordova visitor center; and
$250,000 for the Alaska market access program. Nabbing more
than 11 percent of total Interior pork for fiscal 2002, Alaska
already has far too much access to our money.

$22,676,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Interior Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Conrad
Burns (R-Mont.), including: $7,000,000 for land acquisition for
the Swan Valley Conservation Project; $2,500,000 for the Fort
Benton visitor center; $650,000 for land acquisition for the Garnet
Ghost Town; $350,000 for the Montana cadastral project; and
$250,000 for whirling disease research.

$18,081,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Chairman Robert C. Byrd (D-W.Va.), including:
$7,356,000 for the New River Gorge National River; $2,400,000
for the Leetown Science Center; $300,000 for the Arturdale
Historic Community; and $95,000 for the West Virginia State
Museum for its Civil War regimental flag collection.

$16,576,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Daniel
Inouye (D-Hawaii), including: $6,000,000 for land acquisition at
the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park; $2,000,000 for land
acquisition at the James Campbell National Wildlife Refuge;
$740,000 for the Native Hawaiian Culture and Arts Program; and
$50,000 for the Bishop Museum moving image collection.

$9,750,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Interior Appropriations subcommittee member Pete Domenici (RN.
M.), including: $5,000,000 to complete the federal share of the
Palace of the Governors; $1,800,000 for the Hispanic Cultural
Center; and $1,200,000 for the Crownpoint Institute of
Technology.

$9,200,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Dick
Durbin (D-Ill.), including: $8,000,000 for the controversial
Abraham Lincoln Library, which was supposed to be a local
project costing $40 million but is now up to $120 million with a
substantial federal role; $350,000 for the Chicago Wilderness
Program; and $200,000 for the Hegeler-Carus Mansion. This
mansion is named after its architect, zinc magnate Edward Hegeler
and his son-in-law Paul Carus, a publisher.
$2,923,000 added in conference for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Tim Johnson (D-S.D.): $2,558,000 for a Rapid City
research laboratory and $365,000 for the University of South
Dakota’s old women’s gym/original armory.

$2,640,000 for projects in the district of House Interior
Appropriations subcommittee member Charles Taylor (D-N.C.):
$1,165,000 for Cradle of Forestry volunteer facilities; $850,000 for
Nanatahela National Forest recreation projects; $300,000 for the
Biltmore School in Asheville; $250,000 for Cradle of Forestry
conservation education; and $75,000 for Graham and Swain
counties.

$2,000,000 added by the Senate for the Vulcan Monument in
Birmingham, Alabama, in the state of Senate appropriator Richard
Shelby (R-Ala.). This statue was built in 1903 to represent
Alabama at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair. After the World’s
Fair, it was moved back to Birmingham as a tribute to the steel
industry. Now it’s a tribute to Sen. Shelby’s ability to bring home
the bacon.

$450,000 added in conference to restore chimneys on Cumberland
Island in the district of House Interior Appropriations
subcommittee member Jack Kingston (R-Ga.). Cumberland Island
is a popular getaway for vacationers. Its website boasts that the
island is one of Georgia’s best-kept secrets. The smoke coming
out those chimneys will be tax dollars burning.
In fiscal 2002, Congress added $15 million in noncompetitive,
unauthorized earmarks through the National Park Service’s
Historic Preservation Fund, including:
$1,000,000 for the Lincoln Historic Building in the district of
House Interior Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Joe Skeen
(R-N.M.).

$500,000 for the Wooster City Schools Building in the district of
House Interior Appropriations subcommittee member Ralph
Regula (R-Ohio).

$425,000 for the George Ohr Museum and Cultural Center in the
state of Senate Interior Appropriations subcommittee member
Thad Cochran (R-Miss.). This museum is dedicated to an
eccentric 19th-century potter.

$330,000 for the Robert Mills Courthouse in the state of Senate
Interior Appropriations subcommittee member Ernest “Fritz”
Hollings (D-S.C.).

$280,000 for the Lincoln Courthouse in the district of House
Appropriations Committee Ranking Member David Obey (DWisc.)
$250,000 for the USS Alabama in the state of Senate appropriator
Richard Shelby (R-Ala.) and House appropriators Sonny Callahan
(R-Ala.) and Robert Cramer (D-Ala.). This project also received
$500,000 through the Department of Housing and Urban and
Development’s Economic Development Initiative Program (see
page 53).

VIII. Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education

The fiscal 2002 Labor/HHS Appropriations Bill is what happens
when legislators wait until December to pass spending bills.
Congress is so overcome by Yuletide cheer that members will give
away the farm (or tourism programs or paleontology specimens) to
any rapacious appropriator. The conference report – the last of
the 13 bills – did not come up for a House floor vote until
December 19. The Senate floor vote came a day later, sparing no
time before the holiday for non-appropriators to sink their teeth
into the 229-page conference report, let alone investigate the merit
of any of the 1,290 projects. That total was a 28 percent increase
from fiscal 2001’s 1,009 projects. The projects cost $1.2 billion,
up 18 percent from the previous year’s $1 billion.

One reason for this pork explosion was that appropriators turned
the Fund for the Improvement of Education into a giant slush fund.
Despite the Fund’s statutory purpose to use a peer-review process
and make competitive awards, appropriators sprinkled 450
projects, 35 percent of the total, throughout the Labor/HHS bill.

$311,978,000 added in conference for the construction of “health
care and other facilities.” The House and the administration
requested no funding while the Senate requested a mere $10
million. In conference, committee negotiators compiled a list of
facilities that are to receive a part of this pork pie. There were no
specific allocations, but of the 357 facilities cited, 229 are in states
that have an appropriator on either the House or Senate
Labor/HHS Appropriations subcommittee. That means just 6
percent of Congress (the 32 House and Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee members) represented 64 percent of
the facilities on the list. Now that’s hazardous to taxpayers’
health.
$78,525,000 for projects in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Tom Harkin (R-Iowa),
including: $50,000,000 to expand the Iowa School Construction
project; $3,000,000 for the Iowa Communications Network;
$500,000 for exhibits on the Sullivan brothers at the Grout
Museum in Waterloo; $100,000 for Invent Iowa to encourage
children to hold fairs displaying their inventions; $100,000 for the
Iowa Parent Training Information Center to give legal advice to
parents; and $61,000 for the State Historical Society to archive the
history of Iowa workers.

$49,108,000 for 119 projects, the most for any state and 9 percent
of total Labor/HHS earmarks, in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Arlen Specter (RPa.)
and the districts of House Labor/HHS Appropriations
subcommittee members John Peterson (R-Pa.) and Donald
Sherwood (R-Pa.), including: $20,000,000 to provide assistance to
low-performing school districts slated for takeover by the state;
$700,000 for the Please Touch Museum in Philadelphia; $300,000
for the Delaware Valley Historical Aircraft Association; $250,000
for the Philadelphia Zoo; $200,000 for the Everhart Museum in
Scranton; $175,000 for the Philadelphia Orchestra; $75,000 for the
Accent on Dance after school program at the Pennsylvania Ballet;
and $25,000 for an educational outreach program at the Walnut
Street Theatre in Philadelphia.
$38,282,000 for projects in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-Texas)
and the district of House Labor/HHS Appropriations
subcommittee member Kay Granger (R-Texas), including:
$18,000,000 for Project GRAD-USA, Inc.; $1,600,000 for
Midland College for training and safety programs for students who
wish to work in the oil and gas industries; $800,000 for Southern
Methodist University to increase enrollment in engineering
programs; $600,000 for a school-to-work curriculum focused on
careers in travel and tourism at the American Airlines Travel
Academy; and $500,000 for science education and optical
observatory equipment at Tarleton State University. It must have
been feeding time at the O-Kay Corral – the two Kays scored a 56
percent increase in pork this year, up from $24.5 million in fiscal
2001.

$31,736,000 for projects in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Mike DeWine (R-Ohio) and
the district of House Labor/HHS Appropriations Subcommittee
Chairman Ralph Regula (R-Ohio), including: $1,500,000 for
science equipment at Heidelburg University; $1,200,000 for the
Ohio Arts Council to expand international programs; $200,000 for
the Rockin’ the Schools music education program at the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame and Museum in Cleveland; $100,000 for the
Clark County Historical Museum; and $40,000 each for
educational programming in 15 school districts and at the
Cleveland Botanical Gardens.
$22,955,000 for projects in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
subcommittee member Herb Kohl (D-Wisc.) and the district of
House Appropriations Committee Ranking Member David Obey
(D-Wisc.), including: $1,000,000 for the YMCA of Metropolitan
Milwaukee for its Teen Agenda program; $500,000 for the Weis
Earth Science Museum in Menasha for videos, simulated mine
tunnels and paleontology specimens; $500,000 for exhibits and
programming at the Kenosha Civil War Museum; $200,000 for the
D.C. Everest School District’s history day project; and $75,000 for
library technology programs and equipment in the Village of
Hawkins (population 375).

$20,000,000 added by the Senate for the Denali Commission in the
state of Senate Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Ted
Stevens (R-Alaska). The commission was established in 1998 to
funnel federal economic development aid to Alaska, but has
expanded to cover federal assistance for building hospitals, health
care centers and other medical facilities. Since 2000, the Denali
Commission has received $80 million.

$19,567,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator
Richard Durbin (D-Ill.) and the district of House Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Jesse Jackson, Jr. (D-Ill.),
including: $1,500,000 for the Illinois Virtual High School;
$450,000 for a work-study cooperative program at Bloom
Township High School in Chicago Heights; $400,000 for
equipment at the Computer Technology Center at Kishwaukee
College; $250,000 for the Challenge Learning Center in
Bloomington-Normal; $250,000 for teacher training initiatives and
curriculum development at the Field Museum in Chicago; and
$225,000 for arts integrated curriculum development at the
Chicago Children’s Choir.
$17,360,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.), including:
$2,900,000 for the Mountaineer Doctor Television program at
West Virginia University; $2,000,000 for an educational mall at
the Raleigh County Commission in Beckley; $2,000,000 for West
Virginia University to establish a Center on Obesity; $1,000,000
for technology at the University of Charleston with the Clay
Center for the Arts and Sciences; and $200,000 for faculty,
curriculum development and a computer science program at
Glenville State College.

$14,940,000 for projects in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Thad Cochran (R-Miss.)
and the district of House Labor/HHS Appropriations subcommittee
member Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), including: $5,000,000 for the
Mississippi State Board of Community and Junior Colleges for
automotive workforce training programs; $900,000 for the
Mississippi Delta Education Initiative at Delta State University;
$850,000 for the University of Mississippi Foundation in Oxford
for educational and preservation programs at Rowan Oak, the
home of William Faulkner; $500,000 for the Madison County
School District to study the impact of the sudden influx of a large
number of students into the district; $350,000 for the University of
Mississippi National Library of the Accounting Profession;
$200,000 for automotive engineering training at the Center for
Advanced Vehicular Systems at Mississippi State University; and
$50,000 for the wireless computer laboratory at East Central
Community College in Ellisville.
$14,170,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Mitch
McConnell (R-Ky.) and the district of House Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Anne Northup (R-Ky.),
including: $500,000 for the Sleep Medicine Center at the
University of Louisville; $100,000 for Career Resources, Inc. in
Louisville for a workforce computer training program; $50,000 for
the Kentucky Opera in Louisville; and $35,000 for after school
programs by the Shawnee Gardens Tenants Association in
Louisville (12 Louisville schools received grants for after school
programs, totaling $500,000).

$9,440,000 for projects in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Harry Reid (D-Nev.),
including: $1,721,000 for an e-Health program at the University
of Nevada, Las Vegas; $420,000 for Hawthorne Elementary and
Junior High School to buy each student a laptop computer;
$300,000 for the Jack C. Davis Observatory at Western Nevada
Community College; $250,000 for NevadaWorks, to create a job
skills training program to help residents meet the employment
needs of the area’s new businesses; $249,000 for Schurz
Elementary School to buy each student a laptop computer; and
$160,000 to give students in Clark County who do not plan to
attend college instruction in nursing and home health aid.

$5,315,000 for museums and arts programs in the state of Senate
appropriator Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) and the districts of House
Labor/HHS Appropriations subcommittee members Nancy Pelosi
(D-Calif.) and Randy Cunningham (R-Calif.) including:
$1,200,000 for music education at the GRAMMY Foundation;
$1,000,000 for model arts education at the de Young Museum in
San Francisco; $290,000 for a Santa Barbara Maritime Museum
environmental exhibit; and $100,000 for the Eden Alternative
Project at the Motion Picture and Television Fund and the
University of California.
$1,450,000 added in conference for an urban health initiative and a
Child Study Center at Yale University in the district of House
Labor/HHS Appropriations subcommittee member Rosa DeLauro
(D-Conn.). Tuition and room and board at Yale will total $35,370
for the 2002 – 2003 school year and Yale’s endowment is more
than $10.5 billion, making it one of the richest universities in the
nation. Surely the Bulldogs shouldn’t depend on hardworking
taxpayers to fund these projects.

$1,000,000 added in conference in the district of House
Appropriations Committee Chairman C.W. Bill Young (R-Fla.) to
train students in museum services at St. Petersburg College.
$850,000 added by the Senate in the state of Senate appropriator
Robert Bennett (R-Utah) for venue operations, spectator services,
broadcast support and ceremonies at the 2002 Paralympic Games.
$750,000 added in conference in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Larry Craig (R-Idaho) for
the Performance and Education facility at the University of Idaho
to preserve the history of jazz and teach it to future generations.
The university is certainly preserving one thing – the taxpayer
blues.

$500,000 added by the Senate in the state of Senate Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Ernest “Fritz” Hollings (DS.
C.) for ScienceSouth, Inc. for a traveling science exhibit and
outreach activities.

$273,000 added in conference in the state of Senate appropriator
Christopher “Kit” Bond (R-Mo.) for the Blue Springs Youth
Outreach Unit for educational training in combating Goth culture.
$150,000 added in conference for the International Storytelling
Center in the district of Rep. William Jenkins (R-Tenn.).
$50,000 added in conference in the district of House Labor/HHS
Appropriations subcommittee member Nita Lowey (D-N.Y.) for an
after school music and arts program for the Westchester
Philharmonic in Hartsdale. Westchester County’s per capita
income is twice the national average.

$50,000 added in conference in the district of House appropriator
Robert Aderholt (R-Ala.) for the Gordo Public Library. This
appropriation could buy each of Gordo’s 1,677 residents a shiny
new hardcover book.

$26,000 added in conference for teacher training, student
transportation to ZooWorld for a science project, and technology
training for Bay County School District, in the district of Rep. Joe
Scarborough (R-Fla.).

IX. Legislative Branch

Traditionally one of the most pork-free bills, the sheer volume of
8,341 projects meant that even the Legislative Branch
Appropriations Bill was larded up in fiscal 2002. There was $34.5
million in pork for fiscal 2002, an increase of 35 percent over last
year’s total of $25.5 million.

$18,080,735 added by the House for the National Digital Library.
The Senate did not fund this project because it was under the
impression that the fiscal 2001 appropriation was supposed to be a
one-time expenditure.

$8,000,000 added by the Senate for the Russian Leadership
Development Fund. In the past, funds have been used to fly
Russian political, business and community leaders to the United
States. Activities have included a visit to the Festival Flea Market
in Florida, a trip to the Coors brewery in Colorado, and a swing
dance.

$5,600,000 added by the House for Hands Across America.
$1,500,000 added by the House for a pilot program to teach
educators how to incorporate the Library of Congress’s primary
source digital materials into school curricula in the state of House
Legislative Branch Appropriations subcommittee member Ray
Lahood (R-Ill.).

X. Military Construction

Pork in the Military Construction Appropriations Bill continues its
downward trend. The total amount of pork in fiscal 2002 was
$881 million, or 38 percent less than last year’s total of $1.4
billion. The biggest reason for this reduced pork was the
president’s increased budget request of $9.9 billion in fiscal 2002,
a 24 percent increase over the $8 billion in fiscal 2001. Even with
increased budget requests, Congress still found many ways to add
their own projects.

$38,022,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.),
including: $21,389,000 for a center/organizational maintenance
shop for the Army National Guard at Glen Jean; $6,433,000 for a
readiness center for the Army National Guard at Williamstown;
$2,000,000 for an integrated special operations facility at Camp
Dawson; and $100,000 for a U.S. Army Museum Support Center
in Martinsburg.

$29,495,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Appropriations Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (RAlaska),
including: $18,000,000 for a Mout training facility at
Fort Richardson; $7,568,000 for a readiness center for the Army
National Guard in Juneau; $600,000 for a physical fitness center at
Fort Wainwright; and $300,000 for the Blair Lake vehicle
maintenance facility at Eielson Air Force Base.

$28,589,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Thad
Cochran (R-Miss.) and House Military Construction
Appropriations subcommittee member Roger Wicker (R-Miss.),
including: $12,184,000 for an Army Reserve controlled humidity
storage warehouse in Gulfport; $4,680,000 for a fleet operations
facility at the Pascagoula Naval Air Station; $3,055,000 for a
readiness center for the Army National Guard in Batesville; and
$300,000 for a readiness center in Kosciusko.

$23,000,000 added by the House for a direct support maintenance
shop at Fort Irwin in the district of House Military Construction
Appropriations subcommittee member Jerry Lewis (R-Calif.).
$19,214,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Military Construction Appropriations subcommittee member Tim
Johnson (D-S.D.): $12,200,000 for a live ordnance loading area at
Ellsworth Air Force Base; $6,500,000 for runway/taxiway
improvements for the Air National Guard at Joe Foss Field in
Sioux City; and $514,000 for a readiness center in Watertown.
$14,011,000 added by the Senate for a readiness center for the
Army National Guard in Azusa in the state of Senate Military
Construction Appropriations Subcommittee Chairwoman Dianne
Feinstein (D-Calif.).

$14,000,000 added by the House for Phase II of the industrial
skills center at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in the district of
House Military Construction Appropriations subcommittee
member Norm Dicks (D-Wash.).
$6,877,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Military Construction Appropriations subcommittee member
Conrad Burns (R-Mont.): $6,150,000 for two projects at
Malmstrom Air Force Base ($4.65 million for a child development
center and $1.5 million for an engineer storage facility) and
$727,000 for an entryway/guard facility at Fort Harrison.
$5,100,000 added by the House for a health and wellness center at
McConnell Air Force Base in the district of House Military
Construction Appropriations subcommittee member Todd Tiahrt
(R-Kansas).

$4,000,000 added by the House for two projects for the Air
National Guard at Hancock Field in the district of House Military
Construction Appropriations subcommittee member James Walsh
(R-N.Y.): $2,500,000 for a composite readiness support facility
and $1,500,000 for a civil engineering facility.
Unlike pork in other bills, Military Construction pork is not limited
to the United States:

$12,800,000 added by the House for Army barracks in Yongsan,
Korea.

$7,748,000 added by the House for Phase II of an Army National
Guard readiness center in Guam.
$5,500,000 added by the House for an Air Force base supply
warehouse in Incirlik, Turkey.

$5,290,000 added by the House for two projects at Camp Schwab,
Japan: $3,800,000 for an Army special forces training range and
$1,490,000 for a Navy 3rd Marine expeditionary force training
facility.

XI. Transportation

While other committees were busy debating the pros and cons of
federalizing airport baggage inspection workers, House and
Senate appropriators were adding record amounts of pork to the
Transportation Appropriations Bill. Led by the examples of Senate
Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) and
Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), appropriators added an
amazing 1,478 projects totaling $3.6 billion to the bill. That’s an
80 percent increase in the number of projects (821) and a 174
percent increase in the cost of pork ($1.3 billion) from fiscal 2001.
Just like the bill federalizing airport security, the fiscal 2002
Transportation Appropriations Bill leaves little up to the discretion
of state and local entities. Appropriators took $544 million away
from states under the 1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st
Century (TEA-21) highway agreement. They also gave 220 grants
to their pet communities under the Transportation and Community
and Systems Preservation program, 86 to their most prized Job
Access and Reverse Commute Grants programs, and 53 to their
favorite ferry boats. There’s even $6.8 million for their beloved
bicycle paths. Their choices left limited room for either local
control or competition.

$544,423,717 in federal highway funds were removed from state
control and put into the hands of congressional appropriators,
allowing them to fund their pet road projects. As a result, several
Transportation Appropriations subcommittee members’ states are
poised to receive far more than was intended in 1998 under TEA-
21, including: $40,625,294 in the state of Senate Transportation
Appropriations subcommittee member Kay Bailey Hutchison (RTexas);
$18,254,834 in the state of Senate Transportation
Appropriations subcommittee member Richard Durbin (D-Ill.);
and $13,094,602 in the state of Senate Transportation
Appropriations subcommittee member Christopher “Kit” Bond (RMo.).
$147,955,693 added by the Senate for projects in the state of
Senate Transportation Appropriations Subcommittee Chairwoman
Patty Murray (D-Wash.), including: $9,500,000 for Sound Transit
Regional Transportation hubs; $4,000,000 for a dolphin
replacement project at the Bainbridge-Seattle Ferry; $2,000,000
for Issaquah Highlands Park and Ride; $1,600,000 for the Olympic
Discovery Trail; and $200,000 for international ferry service
between Blaine, Wash. and White Rock, British Colombia. That is
717 percent more than the $18.1 million Sen. Murray brought
home in fiscal 2001, even though last year she had a cohort on the
appropriations committee, former Sen. Slade Gorton (R-Wash.).

$134,662,359 for projects in the state of Senate Transportation
Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Richard Shelby
(R-Ala.) and in the districts of House Transportation
Appropriations subcommittee members Robert Aderholt (R-Ala.)
and Sonny Callahan (R-Ala.), and House appropriator Robert
“Bud” Cramer (D-Ala.), including: $7,000,000 for the University
of Alabama Transportation Research Institute; $5,000,000 for the
Mobile Waterfront Terminal and Maritime Center of the Gulf;
$2,500,000 for buses at the University of South Alabama in
Mobile; $1,000,000 for the Fairhope Trax and Trails program; and
$375,000 for a campus transit study at Auburn University. Fortyfour
percent of Alabama’s congressional delegation sits on the
House and Senate appropriations committees.

$122,925,556 added by the Senate for projects in the state of
Senate Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (DW.
Va.), including: $20,000,000 for King Coal Highway;

$16,000,000 for Coalfields Expressway; $1,250,000 for West
Virginia University Constructed Facilities Center to conduct
composite structure research; and $400,000 for streetscape
improvements and a welcome center in Charles Town. Sen.
Byrd’s efforts to pave over the state of West Virginia continue at
the expense of the rest of the country.

$107,024,278 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), including:
$20,000,000 for Alaska Railroad Rehabilitation ($90 million has
been added for this project without a budget or House request over
the last seven years); $10,000,000 for ferries and facilities at
Coffman Cove and Mitkof Island; $850,000 for parking at the
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; $650,000 for Shotgun
Cove Road; and $500,000 for the Kenai River Trail.

$66,440,803 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Transportation Appropriations subcommittee member Arlen
Specter (R-Pa.), including: $9,000,000 for a metro project in the
Philadelphia Schuylkill Valley; $1,250,000 for an intermodal
transportation center in Hershey; $1,000,000 for Station Square
River Landing boat docks; and $500,000 for the Chester
Waterfront Development Streetscape.

$54,114,907 for projects in the state of Senate Transportation
Appropriations subcommittee member Harry Reid (D-Nev.),
including: $7,462,500 for three projects at the Reno-Stead
Airport; $4,000,000 for Reno-Sparks buses and bus facilities;
$1,100,000 for intelligent transportation systems in southern
Nevada; and $300,000 for Henderson Executive Airport.
$50,960,474 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Daniel K. Inouye (D-Hawaii), including: $8,000,000
for bus and bus facilities in Honolulu; $3,000,000 for the Alien
Species Action Plan under the Federal Aviation Administration;
and $1,000,000 for statewide intelligent transportation systems.

$32,425,000 for projects in the district of House Transportation
Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman Harold Rogers (R-Ky.),
including: $5,000,000 for a parking facility in Pikeville;

$2,000,000 for downtown revitalization in Somerset; $2,000,000
for a parking facility in Leslie County; and $1,000,000 for a street
underpass in Monticello.

$27,583,539 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Tim Johnson (D-S.D.), including: $12,000,000 for
I-29 reconstruction; $1,250,000 for Wind Cave National Park
highway resurfacing; $200,000 for a bicycle path at Elk Point; and
$50,000 for a bicycle path in Tea.

$22,732,137 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Jack
Reed (D-R.I.) and the district of House appropriator Patrick
Kennedy (D-R.I.), including: $1,500,000 for the Blackstone River
Bikeway; $1,500,000 for a transportation information center in
Providence; and $1,000,000 for sidewalk reconstruction in Warren.
Sen. Reed wasted no time collecting pork after the Senate switched
to a Democratic majority in June, when he was added to the
appropriations committee.

$18,420,000 added by the House for projects in the adjacent
districts of House Transportation Appropriations subcommittee
member Frank Wolf (R-Va.) and House appropriator James Moran
(D-Va.), including: $3,000,000 for Potomac and Rappahannock
Transportation Commission buses; $1,000,000 for Job Access and
Reverse Commute Grants in Winchester; and $100,000 for a trail
extension at Mount Vernon Circle.

$17,653,887 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
Transportation Appropriations subcommittee member Patrick
Leahy (D-Vt.), including: $4,000,000 to rehabilitate the
Missisquoi Bridge; $1,500,000 for the Church Street Marketplace;
and $1,500,000 for a streetscape project in Winooski.

$14,700,000 added by the House in the district of House
appropriator Jack Kingston (R-Ga.), including: $3,600,000 for
Chatham bus and bus facilities; $1,000,000 for the Savannah
Water Ferry (for a total of $2.4 million received since 1999); and
$1,000,000 for Job Access and Reverse Commute Grants in
Chatham.

$1,300,000 added by the Senate for ferries in the state of Senate
appropriator Mike DeWine (R-Ohio): $800,000 for the Cleveland
Trans-Erie Ferry Service and $500,000 for the Toledo-Lucas
County Port Authority Marina Ferry.

$1,200,000 added by the Senate in the state of Senate appropriator
Conrad Burns (R-Mont.) for an access road to the Lewis and Clark
National Historic Trail Interpretive Center at Giant Springs State
Park. That’s $14 for each of the 88,000 visitors the Center claims
it has each year – visitors could pay that amount themselves.
$1,000,000 added by the Senate in the state of Senate appropriator
Byron Dorgan (D-N.D.) for another project in honor of Lewis and
Clark, the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Roadway Project. The
two hundredth anniversary of the expedition is still two years
away.

$1,000,000 added by the House in the district of House
appropriator Zach Wamp (R-Tenn.) for broad-based laboratory-toroadside
research into heavy vehicle safety at the National
Transportation Research Center at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
$500,000 added by the Senate in the state of Senate Appropriations
committee member Pete Domenici (R-N.M.) for bus and bus
facilities in the ski resort, Village of Taos. What’s next? Federally
funded lift tickets?

$500,000 added by the Senate for redevelopment of historic
Parkerson Avenue in Crowley in the state of Senate appropriator
Mary Landrieu (D-La.).

$375,000 added in conference in the state of Senate Transportation
Appropriations subcommittee member Kay Bailey Hutchison (RTexas)
for a bicycle commuting project in Austin.

$260,000 added by the House in the district of House appropriator
Nita Lowey (D-N.Y.) to buy two “vintage type” diesel powered,
handicapped accessible trolleys for the proposed Toonerville
Trolley System, which hopes to preserve the memory of the early
twentieth century comic strip of the same name by Fontaine Fox.

XII. Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government

Although total Treasury/Postal Service/General Government
(Treasury/Postal Service) pork was down this year, the districts
and states represented by appropriators still received the lion’s
share. Treasury/Postal Service pork decreased 65 percent from
last year’s all-time high of $648.4 million to $228.5 million for
fiscal 2002. Still, 3 percent of Congress – 15 of the 103
appropriators – nabbed $83.6 million (37 percent) of that total for
their states and districts. While the fiscal 2002 Treasury/Postal
Service Appropriations Bill contained one of the smallest pork
totals, it was one of the biggest examples of congressional
parochialism.

$17,000,000 for two projects in the district of House
Treasury/Postal Service Appropriations subcommittee member
Carrie Meek (D-Fla.): $15,000,000 for the Miami courthouse
project and $2,000,000 for transfer pricing research at Florida
International University.

$5,900,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Pete Domenici (R-N.M.), including $2,200,000 for a
firearms training facility complex and $1,700,000 for a cafeteria at
the Artesia Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. Since
2000, $13.2 million has been appropriated for firearms ranges and
complexes at Artesia.

$4,500,000 for two projects in the state of Senate Treasury/Postal
Service Appropriations subcommittee member Richard Shelby (RAla.):
$4,000,000 for repairs and alterations at the Montgomery
Federal Building and Courthouse and $500,000 for statewide High
Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas.

$4,000,000 added by the Senate for academic projects in the state
of Senate Treasury/Postal Service Appropriations Subcommittee
Chairman Byron Dorgan (D-N.D.), including: $1,000,000 for the
Native American Digital Health project and Upper Great Plains
Native American Telehealth program at the University of North
Dakota; $750,000 for the Center for Agriculture Policy and Trade
Studies at North Dakota State University; and $250,000 for a
virtual archive system at North Dakota State University.

$3,500,000 added by the Senate in the state of Senate
Appropriations Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) for
the National Tracing Center in Martinsburg.

$3,400,000 for the Oklahoma Centennial Commission in the state
of House Treasury/Postal Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman
Ernest Istook (R-Okla.), divided equally between the General
Services Administration and the National Historic Publications and
Records Commission.

$3,000,000 added by the House for the National Center for
Environmental Prediction project in Prince George’s County in the
district adjacent to that of House Treasury/Postal Service
Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Steny Hoyer (DMd.).
Last year, the center received $500,000 for site selection. It
shouldn’t have cost anything to predict the center would end up
near an appropriator’s district.

$500,000 added by the Senate for the South Central Iowa
Methamphetamine Lab Task Force in the state of Senate
appropriator Tom Harkin (D-Iowa).

XIII. Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies

The VA/HUD Appropriations Bill exemplifies the growing chasm
between the executive and legislative branches. At one end of
Pennsylvania Avenue, the president tries to get rid of earmarks so
competitively awarded programs can serve those in need. At the
other end of Pennsylvania Avenue, appropriators disregard the
agencies’ desires and earmark thousands of unrequested and noncompetitive
projects of dubious merit. The fiscal 2003 budget
singles out Community Development Block Grants as a primary
example of this costly tug of war.

In fiscal 2001, Congress pigged out with a record 704 Economic
Development Initiative program (EDI) earmarks. Congress
showed even less restraint in fiscal 2002. EDI funded everything
from a motor racing museum in South Carolina to a music
conservatory in Westchester County, New York, which has one of
the highest per capita incomes in the country. Although the House
requested $0 and the Senate requested $130 million, the
conference committee ended up with $294 million worth of EDI
grants. That includes $15 million for museums, theaters,
performing arts centers, and opera houses. Out of the 801 EDI
grants, 70 percent was added in conference. The remaining 30
percent was added by the Senate. Both parties are to blame for
this largesse, which occurred at the expense of the less fortunate
who were intended to benefit from the EDI program. The total
number of VA/HUD projects increased by 19 percent from 1,200 in
fiscal 2001 to 1,428 in fiscal 2002. However, total dollars
decreased by 3 percent from $1.62 billion in fiscal 2001 to $1.57
billion in fiscal 2002.
$401,980,000 added by the Senate for the Corporation for National
and Community Service (CNCS), which includes $240,000,000 for
Americorps. For the third year in a row, the House proposed
eliminating funding and terminating CNCS. In the past, each
“volunteer” for Americorps has cost taxpayers $27,000 annually.
$68,085,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Chairman Robert Byrd (D-W.Va.) and House
VA/HUD Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Alan
Mollohan (D-W.Va.), including: $16,775,000 for the Institute for
Software Research (which includes $14,350,000 for development
and construction of research facilities); $3,000,000 to complete the
renovation of the library at Shepherd College in Shepherdstown
(which has received $7.2 million since 1998); $2,500,000 for the
National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium; $2,200,000 for
the Mid-Atlantic Aerospace Complex; $2,000,000 for the Webster
County Development Authority for construction of a high
technology office building and small business incubator;

$1,800,000 for the City of Hinton for construction of a high
technology office building and small business incubator; $900,000
for continued infrastructure development of an information
technology training program at Concord College; $700,000 to
repair and restore the Kimball War Memorial in McDowell
County;

$475,000 for the Challenger Learning Center at Wheeling
Jesuit University; and $350,000 to complete work on a health and
wellness center at Bethany College.
$40,665,000 for projects in the state of Senate VA/HUD
Appropriations Subcommittee Ranking Member Christopher “Kit”
Bond (R-Mo.) and House appropriator Jo Ann Emerson (R-Mo.),
including: $2,500,000 for the Grand Avenue Redevelopment
Project in Kansas City;

$1,500,000 for the University of
Missouri’s Center for Gender Physiology in the area of genderrelated
issues in space flight crews;

$1,250,000 for construction of
a multipurpose community center in St. Louis; $1,000,000 for a
City Market renovation project in Kansas City; $500,000 for city
square renovation and downtown revitalization in West Plains;
$450,000 for the Rolla Chamber of Commerce for a downtown
revitalization project;

$250,000 for the Missouri Forest Heritage
Center in Shannon County for the construction of a forest resource
management center;

$250,000 for planning and renovation of the
Agenstein Science and Math Building at Missouri Western State
College; $250,000 for expansion of the Andrew County Museum
and Historical Society museum; and $240,000 for the Logan
College of Chiropractic in Chesterfield for the continued
development and construction of a Learning Resource Center.
$38,295,000 for projects in the state of Senate VA/HUD
Appropriations subcommittee member Richard Shelby (R-Ala.)
and House appropriators Sonny Callahan (R-Ala.), Robert
Aderholdt (R-Ala.), and Robert Cramer (D-Ala.), including:
$2,925,000 for the Sci-Quest Hands-on Science Center;
$1,000,000 for construction of the Regional Library Resource
Center at Spring Hill College in Mobile; $750,000 for the
University of South Alabama Center for Estuarine Research;
$500,000 each for construction of a call center facility in Hamilton
and Winfield; $500,000 for the USS Alabama Battleship
Commission for a restoration initiative (see page 29);$500,000 for
construction of Federal Hall and Liberty Square expansion at
American Village in Montevallo; $400,000 for renovation of the
Historic Green County Courthouse; $300,000 for the second phase
of the Covington County Farm Center; $300,000 for improvements
to a recreational pier and facilities at McNally Park in Mobile;
$250,000 for downtown revitalization of Eufala; $250,000 to
establish a wellness center at Oakwood College; $200,000 for
recreational park construction in Jasper; $150,000 for building
renovation for the Mobile Opera/Symphony Collaboration;
$115,000 for renovation of the Birmingham Trades Towers

$85,000 to renovate facilities at the Whole Backstage Marshall
County Theater Group in Marshall County; $80,000 for sewer and
water infrastructure expansion to the city boat dock in Leesburg;
and $50,000 for the Huntsville Housing Authority to continue a
music education program.
$24,480,000 for projects in the state of Senate Appropriations
Committee Ranking Member Ted Stevens (R-Alaska), including:
$3,000,000 for Girdwood water extension; $3,000,000 for the final
phase of dormitory construction at the Challenger Learning Center
in Kenai; $2,250,000 to provide winter recreation opportunities for
military and civilian persons at the North Star Borough Birch Hill
recreation area; $1,500,000 for Alaska Pacific University to restore
historic property in Anchorage; $1,500,000 for expansion of the
Alaska Zoo in Anchorage; $900,000 for water and wastewater
infrastructure improvements for the Sawmill Cove Industrial Park
in Sitka; and $500,000 for continued research on watershed issues
at the Kenai River Center.

$24,400,000 for projects in the district of House VA/HUD
Appropriations Subcommittee Chairman James Walsh (R-N.Y.),
including: $10,000,000 for continued clean water improvements
for Onondaga Lake; $5,000,000 for Home Headquarters in
Syracuse for a Home Equity Assistance Pilot Program and other
neighborhood initiative projects; $750,000 for the city of Syracuse
for the design, development and construction of an International
Tourism Center at the Carousel Center; $500,000 for the Syracuse
Research Corporation for the development of a Probability Risk
Assessment Center;

$400,000 for the City of Syracuse for
renovations to the Sibley Building; $250,000 for infrastructure
improvements to the Tiughioga Riverfront Development Project in
Cortland; $200,000 for building renovations to the Onondaga
Historical Association in Syracuse; $190,000 for equipment and
infrastructure improvements for Wetstone Technologies in
Cortland County; and $100,000 for the Genesee Street Armory
study in Syracuse.
$22,670,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Thad
Cochran (R-Miss.) and House VA/HUD Appropriations
subcommittee member Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), including:
$3,000,000 for wastewater improvements in Ocean Springs;
$2,000,000 for the University of Mississippi Geoinformatics
Center; $1,000,000 for the County Community Center in Jackson
County; $500,000 for main street renovation in Madison; $200,000
to renovate the historic elementary school auditorium in Carthage;
$150,000 for Mississippi State University in consultation with the
Mississippi Mainstreet Association to promote small town
revitalization by utilizing the resources of the Small Town Center;
and $50,000 for the linking of cultural and entertainment districts
through the extension of Oakley Street in Jackson.

$21,100,000 for projects in the state of Senate VA/HUD
Appropriations Subcommittee member Tim Johnson (D-S.D.),
including: $10,000,000 for the Homestake Mine in preparation for
the potential development of a major research facility; $1,750,000
for the planning, design, and construction of the Wapika Sica
Reconciliation Place; $400,000 for renovations to the historic
Brookings Middle School; $300,000 for infrastructure related to
Flandreau industrial park development; $300,000 for the Black
Hills Community Development Corporation of Lead for economic
development efforts related to the closure of the Homestake Mine;
$300,000 for renovations to the historic Farley Lostcher Building
in Sioux Falls; $150,000 for a community library in Tea; and
$150,000 for economic development activities in Wagner.
$18,615,000 for projects in the state of Senate VA/HUD
Appropriations subcommittee member Ernest “Fritz” Hollings (DS.
C.) and House appropriator James Clyburn (D-S.C.), including:
$5,000,000 for infrastructure improvements at the School of
Science and Mathematics at the College of Charleston; $2,000,000
for the West Georgetown regional wastewater treatment system;
$825,000 for costs associated with the construction and equipping
of the Marion Wright Edelman Library in Bennetsville; $500,000
for rehabilitation of historic Middleton-Pinckney House in
Charleston; $490,000 for a Pavilion Area Master Plan in Myrtle
Beach; $190,000 for the Motor Racing Museum of the South in
Spartanburg; and $150,000 for the City of Marion for renovations
of the Joyner Auditorium and adjoining space into a cultural arts
center.

$16,440,000 for projects in the state of Senate VA/HUD
Appropriations subcommittee member Conrad Burns (R-Mont.),
including: $3,500,000 for an International Earth Observing
System and Natural Resource Training and Data Center at the
University of Montana; $3,000,000 for the Center on Life in
Extreme Environments at Montana State University; $1,000,000
for Missouri riverfront park enhancements in Great Falls; and
$1,000,000 for development of a technology incubator at the Tech
Ranch in Bozeman.
$15,560,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
VA/HUD Appropriations Subcommittee Chairwoman Barbara
Mikulski (D-Md.), including: $2,000,000 for photonics research at
the University of Maryland, Baltimore County; $750,000 for the
development of the Patterson Center for the Arts, Fells Point
Creative Alliance of Baltimore; $500,000 for the Stewart Homes
digital divide initiative in Montgomery County; $500,000 for a
new community behavioral center at the Kennedy Kreiger Institute
of Baltimore; $500,000 for streetscaping revitalization in Wheaton;
$300,000 for the Ruth Enlow Library System in Garrett County;
$250,000 for the St. Mary’s Public School Technology Center; and
$150,000 for economic development efforts of the Delmarva Low
Impact Tourism Experiences, Rural Development Center,
University of Maryland, Eastern Shore.

$13,135,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
VA/HUD Appropriations subcommittee member Tom Harkin (DIowa),
including: $2,400,000 for drinking water facility
construction in Mason; $1,000,000 for development of an
American River Museum in Dubuque; $500,000 for the Katelman
neighborhood redevelopment project in Council Bluffs; and
$500,000 to the State of Iowa for the Main Street Program.
$11,150,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Pete Domenici (R-N.M.), including: $3,800,000 for
the North and South Valley of Albuquerque and the County of
Bernalillo for a regional and wastewater project; $1,000,000 for
infrastructure improvements and to build a multipurpose event
center at the Southern New Mexico Fair and Rodeo in Dona Ana
County; $450,000 for infrastructure improvements to the Curry
County Fairgrounds; and $300,000 for construction of the South
Valley Economic Development Center in Albuquerque.
$10,650,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
VA/HUD appropriations subcommittee member Jack Reed (DR.
I.), including: $3,000,000 for construction of a life sciences
facility at Brown University; $1,000,000 for relocation and
expansion for Traveler’s Aid in Providence; $450,000 for building
modernization of the Providence Performing Arts Center;

$450,000 for the development of a Botanical Center at the Roger
Williams Park and Zoo; $200,000 for historical renovation of the
Newport Art Museum; $150,000 to complete construction of the
Pell-Chafee Performance Center in Providence; and $50,000 for
inner-city recreational facilities in Providence.

$10,300,000 for projects in the state of Senate appropriator Daniel
Inouye (D-Hawaii), including: $4,000,000 for infrastructure needs
at the Mauna Kea Astronomy Education Center at the University
of Hawaii, Hilo; $1,000,000 for the NASA/Bishop Museum
partnership in Honolulu; $750,000 to establish three new Boys and
Girls Clubs; $500,000 each for reconstruction and expansion of the
Kaliki YMCA in Honolulu and a multipurpose community center
at the YMCA in Kuaui; $400,000 for the County of Hawaii and the
Hawaii Island Economic Development Board; $300,000 for the
Heritage Trails Project; and $200,000 for the restoration of the Iao
Theater in Wailuku.
$10,150,000 added by the Senate for projects in the state of Senate
appropriator Arlen Specter (R-Pa.), including: $2,900,000 for the
Three Rivers Wet Weather Demonstration Program in the greater
Pittsburgh area; $1,500,000 to develop a national model for using
NASA data and technologies in K-12 and higher education at
Muhlenberg College; $900,000 for development of an
entertainment/retail complex in Lancaster; $250,000 for the
revitalization of the Chester waterfront; $100,000 for an
educational and cultural complex at Discovery Square in Erie;

$100,000 for the OLYMPIA ship of Independence Seaport Museum
for economic development of Penn’s Landing in Philadelphia; and
$50,000 for a building project to house historic military aircraft
through the Delaware Valley Historical Aircraft Association,
Willow Grove.

$9,800,000 for projects in the district of House appropriator Jerry
Lewis (R-Calif.), including: $2,750,000 for a Space Radiation
Program at Loma Linda University Hospital; $750,000 for the San
Bernardino Municipal Water District; $500,000 for the
continuation of water infrastructure improvements in Twentynine
Palms; $200,000 for the city history museum in Highland;

$200,000 for the Twentynine Palms Visitor Center; $200,000 for
blight abatement in Needles; $200,000 for construction of the Hall
of Paleontology at the San Bernardino County Museum; $50,000
for the youth baseball/softball field complex at Spring Valley Lake
in Victorville; and $50,000 for the Barstow Wading Pool.
$9,350,000 for projects in the state of Senate VA/HUD
Appropriations subcommittee member Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.),
including: $2,500,000 for a Pownal wastewater treatment project;
$2,000,000 for facility construction and rehabilitation of the Lake
Champlain Science Center in Burlington; $350,000 for purchase of
equipment for the George D. Aiken Resource Conservation and
Development Council of Randolph; $300,000 for rehabilitation of
the Latchis Theatre and Community Arts Center in Brattleboro;

$150,000 for building repairs at the Haskell Free Library in Derby
Line; and $50,000 for the Essex Junction Lions Club for design
and construction of a veterans memorial in Essex Junction.
$5,500,000 for projects added in conference in the district of
House Appropriations Committee Ranking Member David Obey
(D-Wisc.), including: $1,900,000 for debt repayment on water and
wastewater infrastructure in Marathon; $1,000,000 for the
extension of the sewer and water system in Brokaw (population
224); $500,000 for Impact 7 for a business development project in
Centuria; $200,000 for Wausau Kayak/Canoe Corporation for
course upgrade; and $120,000 for construction of a rail spur in
Rhinelander.

$5,015,000 added in conference for projects in the district of
House VA/HUD Appropriations subcommittee member Marcy
Kaptur (D-Ohio), including: $1,500,000 for improvements to the
near downtown historic commercial district and to leverage the
potential of not-for-profit community economic development
organizations in Toledo; $750,000 for wastewater and combined
sewer overflow infrastructure improvements in Luckey; and
$15,000 for the Fulton County Commission for rehabilitation of a
Civil War memorial.

Below is a list of suspect EDIs that Congress tried to sneak in
under CAGW’s pork radar:
$2,700,000 added in conference for projects in the district of
House Appropriations Committee Chairman Bill Young (R-Fla.):
$2,000,000 for the St. Petersburg Sunken Gardens improvement
project; $500,000 for Pinellas Park for community hurricane
evacuation infrastructure improvements; and $200,000 for the Don
Vista Community Center in St. Petersburg. Instead of allowing the
Sunken Gardens to be sold to a group of nudists, the city decided
to purchase the six-acre lot and turn it into a public garden. Money
does grow on trees.

$740,000 added in conference to complete the Lancaster National
Soccer Center in the district of Howard “Buck” McKeon (RCalif.).
A spokesman for Rep. McKeon told the Los Angeles
Times that the earmark will serve a “dual benefit: build character
in our kids and serve as an economic magnet.”
$700,000 added by the Senate for the development of a job
training facility for workers in the hospitality industry in Las
Vegas in the state of Senate appropriator Harry Reid (D-Nev.).
The official Las Vegas website brags that the city is “a place that
fosters economic prosperity,” and “Las Vegas is a businessfriendly
city that boasts a diverse population and an attractive
business climate with a remarkable tax structure. And with more
than 32 million visitors lured to Las Vegas a year, it’s no wonder
there are plenty of business opportunities in the city.” Apparently,
there’s plenty of pork as well.
$650,000 for projects added in conference in the district of House
appropriator Jack Kingston (R-Ga.): $500,000 for the Liberty
County Development Authority for continued planning and
engineering studies and infrastructure development at the Coastal
MegaPark and $150,000 for the Historic Savannah Foundation to
revitalize housing in the historic Savannah neighborhoods.
$250,000 added by the Senate for the Culver City Theater project,
Center Theater Group in the state of Senate appropriator Dianne
Feinstein (D-Calif.). The project has already received $2.5 million
from actor Kirk Douglas and his wife Anna.

$240,000 added in conference for Daytona Beach Boardwalk
Revitalization. Daytona is a popular destination for motorcycle
enthusiasts, vacationers and NASCAR fans. It also appears to be a
popular destination for federal tax dollars.

$150,000 added in conference for the Discovery Place Museum in
Charlotte, North Carolina. A report by the Charlotte Observer
noted that local businesses and residents gave $10 million to the
Arts and Science Council (ASC) of North Carolina, noting that
“the amount raised is the largest by the ASC, a national leader in
united-arts fund drives in both workplace and individual giving.”
ASC will give a portion of that privately-raised money to the
Discovery Place Museum.

Historical Trends